RT Book, Section A1 Starkey, Chad A1 Long, Blaine C. A1 Cavallario, Julie M. SR Print(0) ID 1198045267 T1 Torso Examination T2 Examination of Orthopedic & Athletic Injuries, 5e YR 2023 FD 2023 PB F. A. Davis Company PP New York, NY SN 9780803690158 LK fadavisat.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1198045267 RD 2024/03/29 AB The multifactorial nature of low back pain, combined with the difficulty in identifying its specific cause, makes the use of outcome measures extremely important in understanding the impact of pain on a patient’s life.1 The Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire are commonly used when assessing low back pain. However, these outcome measures may result in a ceiling effect when used with highly active patients with transient conditions. Generic measures, described in the Section 1 opener, are also often used in clinical practice and research. Additionally, because low back pain is often associated with fear avoidance beliefs and symptoms of depression, a variety of different scales should be used to determine their influence.1