TY - CHAP M1 - Book, Section TI - Torso Examination A1 - Starkey, Chad A1 - Long, Blaine C. A1 - Cavallario, Julie M. PY - 2023 T2 - Examination of Orthopedic & Athletic Injuries, 5e AB - The multifactorial nature of low back pain, combined with the difficulty in identifying its specific cause, makes the use of outcome measures extremely important in understanding the impact of pain on a patient’s life.1 The Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire are commonly used when assessing low back pain. However, these outcome measures may result in a ceiling effect when used with highly active patients with transient conditions. Generic measures, described in the Section 1 opener, are also often used in clinical practice and research. Additionally, because low back pain is often associated with fear avoidance beliefs and symptoms of depression, a variety of different scales should be used to determine their influence.1 SN - PB - F. A. Davis Company CY - New York, NY Y2 - 2024/10/07 UR - fadavisat.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1198045267 ER -