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Appendix A: Diagnostic Evidence References

INTRODUCTION

The following is a list of references used to calculate the scores of diagnostic accuracy (interrater and intrarater reliability, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios). The authors calculated the interquartile ranges for those procedures having more than 5 data points. For those tests having two to four data points, the low value, high value, and median value were reported.

CHAPTER 1: EXAMINATION PROCESS

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Procedure References
Blood pressure assessment 83
Lung auscultation 15, 34
Abdomen auscultation 32
“Clean catch” dipstick urinalysis 312
Abdominal percussion 45, 372

CHAPTER 6: POSTURE ASSESSMENT

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Procedure References
Measured block method of detecting leg-length discrepancies 124, 162, 267, 334
Tape measure method of detecting leg-length discrepancies 22, 244, 286, 334
Muscle length – gastrocnemius 266, 267
Muscle length – hamstrings 267
Muscle length – rectus femoris 267

CHAPTER 8: FOOT AND TOE PATHOLOGIES

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Procedure References
Arch angle 131, 162, 296
Dorsiflexion – eversion test 175
Forefoot valgus/varus inspection 36, 317, 351
Goniometry rearfoot inversion/eversion 86
Joint play – tarsometatarsal joint 112
Mulder sign 57
Navicular drop test 199, 264, 266, 304, 319, 357
Subtalar joint neutral 264
Ankle girth measurement 33, 99, 222, 261, 284, 332, 374
Windlass test 71

CHAPTER 9: LOWER LEG AND ANKLE PATHOLOGIES

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Procedure References
Anterior drawer test 28, 66, 103, 104, 200, 203, 263, 271, 274, 348, 349
External rotation test 5, 70, 249, 256
Goniometry – plantarflexion/dorsiflexion 86, 162, 374
Squeeze test 5, 70, 249
Talar tilt test 104, 105, 137, 263, 271, 274, 352
Thompson test 213

CHAPTER 10: KNEE PATHOLOGIES

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Procedure References
Anterior drawer test 4, 9, 23, 29, 31, 58, 79, 89, 126, 152, 158, 163, 166, 173, 194, 202, 206, 219, 233, 237, 253, 290, 300, 316, 340, 346, 350, 369
Apley’s compression/distraction test 2, 9, 85, 97, 130, 132, 149, 164, 185, 227, 291, 300
Ballotable patella test 114, 165
Dynamic posterior shift test 290
External rotation recurvatum 48, 152, 209, ...

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