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"A happy person is not a person in a certain set of circumstances, but rather a person with a certain set of attitudes."
—Hugh Downs, American broadcaster, television host, producer, and author
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
Perform a kinesiologic analysis of common sports activities;
Describe the joint motions and muscle activity of a baseball pitch;
Describe the joint motions and muscle activity of a soccer instep kick;
Describe the joint motions and muscle activity of a softball fast pitch;
Describe the joint motions and muscle activity of the freestyle swimming stroke;
Describe the joint motions and muscle activity of a full golf swing;
Describe the joint motions and muscle activity of a tennis serve;
Describe the joint motions and muscle activity of the lower extremities in cycling.
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CLINICAL SCENARIO
Cody is a high jumper for the high school track team and in his last year at Bessemer High. About five weeks ago, he suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury and subsequently had surgery two weeks ago to replace the ligament. Morgan is working with Cody in his rehabilitation program and knows that Cody wants to return to the high jump after he completes his rehabilitation. Morgan has been in contact with Cody's coach to understand the biomechanics and demands of the high jump and is ready to incorporate a progression of exercises that are geared to Cody's goal of returning to the high jump. Morgan is confident that the specific exercises that will be added to the program when they are appropriate will strengthen the muscles Cody will need so he may return to compete in his last year of high school track and field.
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As preventative medicine and modern medicine combine forces to produce healthier populations, longevity of life expectancy increases. By the year 2030, it is estimated that there will be 70 million people in the United States over the age of 65.1 Because older people are now healthier than in past generations, they are more active as well.1 Additionally, an increase in leisure time means that more people are able to participate in sport and recreational activities.2 More children and adolescents participate in organized sport activity than in the last century. Club and interscholastic sports provide millions of preteen and teenaged youths opportunities for sports participation. Physicians advocate exercise for individuals of all ages, from young to old. More people participating in sport and recreational activities means that clinicians are likely to treat individuals who experience injuries in these activities. Not even accounting for older individuals receiving recreation and sport-related injuries, about 3 million youngsters are injured in organized sports each year in this country.3 Most of these injured individuals, both young and old, will want to return to their sport ...